NWR-SAME

NWR is the abbreviation for NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [USA]) Weather Radio All Hazards, which is operated by the NWS (National Weather System). A similar system using the same message format is operated as weather radio Canada by the Meteorological Service of Canada.

Parameter	Value
Frequency range	VHF/UHF
Operation modes	Broadcast
Modulation	FM, SUB FSK
Center frequency	1822.9 Hz
Shift	800 Hz
Symbol rate	520.83 Bd
Receiver settings	FM
Input format(s)	AF, IF

SAME is the abbreviation for Specific Area Message Encoding.

This feature is incorporated in information regarding severe weather conditions, which is distributed by the NWS. The area to which such a message applies is restricted by the area code, thus avoiding false alarm in areas which are not affected by the weather condition which causes the alarm.

The coded message is transmitted, using Audio Frequency Shift Keying, on the audio channel of the NWR transmitter system. Seven channels on 162.400, 162.425, 162.450, 162.475, 162.500, 161.525 and 162.550 MHz are assigned to this task.

The baud rate is 520.83 Bd the mark frequency is 2083.3 Hz and the space frequency 1562.5 Hz, all values fixed.

The user cannot change the audio frequency by tuning the receiver.

For this reason the center frequency is preset, as well as the baud rate.

The display shows the information of the messages split into its meaningful parts.

A message contains a preamble (sync word), a data header part, an alert tone signal (if applicable), a voice message part and an end-of-message part. The data part format is as follows:

ZCZC-ORG-EEE-PSSCCC-PSSCCC+TTTT-JJJHHMM-LLLLLLLL

ZCZC	Start-of-message header block code
ORG	Originator header block code
EEE	Event header block code
PSSCCC	Geographical area header block code
TTTT	Purge time header code block
JJJHHMM	Original dissemination time header block (Julian date, UTC)
LLLLLLLL	Message originator header block

The area-code (PSSCCC) is divided into state, county and subpart-code, the dissemination date is divided into day, hour and minute.

If the message originator (LLLLLLLL) is a NWS office, the ICAO location identifiers are used, e.g., KDTX/NWS. If the message is a re-broadcast, the call sign of the broadcast station is used, e.g., KFAB/AM or WDAF/FM.

ORG – Originator Codes

Event	Code
Broadcast station or cable system	EAS
Civil authorities	CIV
National Weather System or Meteorological Service of Canada	WXR
Primary Entry Point System	PEP

EEE - EAS Event Codes

Event	Code	Event	Code
Emergency Action Notification*	EAN	Tropical Storm Warning	TRW
Emergency Action Termination*	EAT	Tsunami Watch	TSA
National Information Center*	NIC	Tsunami Warning	TSW
National Periodic Test*	NPT	Winter Storm Watch	WSA
National Audible Test**	NAT	Winter Storm Warning	WSW
Network Notification Message**	NMN	National Information Center	NIC
National Silent Test**	NST	Avalanche Watch	AVA
Blizzard Warning	BZW	Avalanche Warning	AVW
Coastal Flood Watch	CFA	Child Abduction Emergency	CAE
Coastal Flood Warning	CFW	Civil Danger Warning	CDW
Dust Storm Warning	DSW	Civil Emergency Message	CEM
Flash Flood Watch	FFA	Earthquake Warning	EQW
Flash Flood Warning	FFW	Evacuation Immediate	EVI
Flash Flood Statement	FFS	Fire Warning	FRW
Flood Watch	FLA	Hazardous Materials Warning	HMW
Flood Warning	FLW	Law Enforcement Warning	LEW
Flood Statement	FLS	Local Area Emergency	LAE
High Wind Watch	HWA	911 Telephone Outage Emergency	TOE
High Wind Warning	HWW	Nuclear Power Plant Warning	NUW
Hurricane Watch	HUA	Radiological Hazard Warning	RHW
Hurricane Warning	HUW	Shelter in Place Warning	SPW
Hurricane Statement	HLS	Volcano Warning	VOW
Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SVA	Administrative Message	ADR
Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SVR	Practice/Demo Warning	DMO
Severe Weather Statement	SVS	Required Monthly Test	RMT
Special Marine Warning	SMW	Required Weekly Test	RWT
Special Weather Statement	SPS	Transmitter Backup	TXB
Tornado Watch	TOA	Transmitter Off	TXF
Tornado Warning	TOR	Transmitter On	TXO
Tropical Storm Watch	TRA	Transmitter Primary On	TXP

* Federal Communication Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency codes

** Canadian codes

PSSCCC - FIPS Area Codes (USA)

Code	Area
01	Alabama	50	Vermont
02	Alaska	51	Virginia
04	Arizona	53	Washington
05	Arkansas	54	West Virginia
06	California	55	Wisconsin
08	Colorado	56	Wyoming
09	Connecticut	57	Eastern North Pacific Ocean, and along U.S. West Coast from Canadian border to Mexican border
10	Delaware	58	North Pacific Ocean near Alaska, and along Alaska coastline, including Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska
11	District of Columbia	59	Central Pacific Ocean, including Hawaiian waters
12	Florida	60	American Samoa
13	Georgia	61	South Central Pacific Ocean, including American Samoa waters
15	Hawaii	64	Federated States of Micronesia
16	Idaho	65	Western Pacific Ocean, including Mariana Island waters
17	Illinois	66	Guam
18	Indiana	67	Johnston Atoll
19	Iowa	68	Marshall Islands
20	Kansas	69	Northern Mariana Islands
21	Kentucky	70	Palau
22	Louisiana	71	Midway Islands
23	Maine	72	Puerto Rico
24	Maryland	73	Western North Atlantic Ocean, and along U.S. East Coast, from Canadian border south to Currituck Beach Light, N.C.
25	Massachusetts	74	U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
26	Michigan	75	Western North Atlantic Ocean, and along U.S. East Coast, south of Currituck Beach Light, N.C., following the coastline into Gulf of Mexico to Bonita Beach, FL., including the Caribbean
27	Minnesota	76	Navassa Island
28	Mississippi	77	Gulf of Mexico, and along the U.S. Gulf Coast from the Mexican border to Bonita Beach, FL
29	Missouri	78	Virgin Islands of the U.S.
30	Montana	79	Wake Island
31	Nebraska	81	Baker Island
32	Nevada	84	Howland Island
33	New Hampshire	86	Jarvis Island
34	New Jersey	89	Kingman Reef
35	New Mexico	91	Lake Superior
36	New York	92	Lake Michigan
37	North Carolina	93	Lake Huron
38	North Dakota	94	Lake St. Clair
39	Ohio	95	Palmyra Atoll
40	Oklahoma	96	Lake Erie
41	Oregon	97	Lake Ontario
42	Pennsylvania	98	St. Lawrence River above St. Regis
44	Rhode Island	50	Vermont
45	South Carolina	51	Virginia
46	South Dakota	53	Washington
47	Tennessee	54	West Virginia
48	Texas	55	Wisconsin
49	Utah	56	Wyoming

PSSCCC - FIPS Area Codes (Canada)

Code	Area
01	Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island	06	Saskatchewan
02	Newfoundland and Labrador	07	Alberta
03	Quebec	08	British Columbia
04	Ontario	09	Nunavut, Yukon Territory, North West Territories
05	Manitoba